For CNC machine tools, apart from the most basic lathe hardware and system software, the most frequently used and most important tool is the number of tools. The cutting tool is an important tool in machining and turning, and the machining accuracy and processing quality of the workpiece are closely related to the cutting tool.
For cutting tools, in addition to choosing suitable and good quality cutting tools, we must also pay attention to the installation of cutting tools. Many problems with the use of tools are mostly due to errors in the installation of the tools, resulting in the inability to smoothly complete the processing of the workpiece.
Generally speaking, in the tool installation of CNC machine tools, the typical problems that often appear are improper tool installation position, unstable tool installation, the unequal height of the tooltip and workpiece axis. This article provides several corresponding solutions to these problems. , I hope it can help you.
1. The solution when the tool installation position is improper and the tool installation is not firm.
(1) When installing the tool, the tooltip should be at the same height as the axis of the tool-workpiece. When rough machining and turning large diameter workpieces, the tooltip should be slightly higher than the workpiece axis; when finishing, the tooltip should be slightly lower than the axis of the workpiece, but When finishing contours such as cones and arcs, the tooltip should be strictly ascended to the axis of the workpiece;
(2) When supported by the tool rest or center frame, in order to make the tip of the tool press against the workpiece, the tool should be installed with a proper offset to the right to generate a certain radial force; when there is no tool rest or center frame support, the tool should be properly installed to the left, In order to make the radial cutting force as small as possible;
(3) The protruding length of the tool should not be too long to prevent cutting vibration caused by poor rigidity, which will cause a series of problems such as the rough surface of the workpiece, vibration, and knife sticking. Therefore, it is necessary to control the protruding length of the tool as much as possible, and the clamping of the tool should be as short as possible under the premise of meeting the demand;
(4) The bottom of the knife bar should be flat. If gaskets are used, they should be flat and the front ends of the gaskets should be aligned. Generally, the number of gaskets should not exceed 2;
(5) The tool should be installed firmly. Generally, use 2 screws to tighten and fix alternately, and then check the height of the tooltip and the axis of the workpiece again after tightening;
(6) When using a mechanical clamp that can be turned into a knife, the blades and gaskets must be wiped clean, and attention should be paid to the tightening force when using screws to fix the blades.
2. The problem of the height of the tooltip and the axis of the workpiece and the solution.
(1) Generally speaking, when using welded tools, consider whether the tip of the tool is as high as the axis of the workpiece. If conditions permit, it is best to use a machine-clamped indexable tool. The tool has high durability and processing The quality will be more stable.
(2) After the tool is used on the machine for a long time, the guide rail will be worn and cause sinking, which will reduce the height of the tool post and make the tooltip lower than the axis of the workpiece. At this time, check regularly to prevent the tooltip from being misaligned.
(3) In simple terms, to ensure that the tooltip is equal to the axis of the workpiece, the visual method can be used, but the visual method will be affected by factors such as angle and light and is not very accurate, so it is only suitable for rough machining of workpieces with large diameters. . If there is a requirement for precision, it is best to use other more accurate detection methods.